= Brute Force =
=== Cracking the Data Encryption Standard, Matt Curtin, Multco 005.82 C9783b 2005 ===
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 . foreword by John Gilmore October 2004
 . 56 bit DES from NBS in 1975 
 . NBS claimed 6000 6 foot racks with a million chips
 . Hellman and Diffie suggested 16,000 chips
 . 1982, RSA Data Security
 . '''1997''' Jan 28, RSA offers $10K prize for DES
 . Mar 20, House: Security And Freedom through Encryption (SAFE) act, Senate: Pro-CODE
  . p53 NSA claimed DES crack required  $30M supercomputer and 450 days
 . Jan Rocke Verser freelance Loveland CO writes first DESCHALL clients
 . Feb 22 author at Megasoft Online, Columbus OH starts running DESCHALL
 . Mar 29 mailing list
 . Apr 1 DESCHALL 0.162% of keyspace
 . Apr 8 Press releases
 . Apr 2 Oregon State
 . Apr 9 ... Big 11T, Med 11T, small 2T keys processed
 . Apr 12 ... OSU 4.3T, RPI 3.3T, 
 . Apr 17, more than 2500 computers, 50T keys per day
 . Apr 22, 1 quadrillion keys
 . Apr 18, Darrell Kindred bitslicing
 . May 2 ... UIUC, 17T, OSU 7.3T
 . May 10 ... UIUC and GIT 22.3T each
 . May 9  First bitslice clients deployed
 . May 10 Test rate 260T/day
 . May 26 13% keys tested
 . Jun 5 16,5% keys tested
 . Jun 12 another Kindred speedup
 . Jun 15 test rate 600T/day
 . 1997 Jun 17 Key found, Michael Sanders on iNetZ in SLC Utah, 90 MHz Pentium
  . key 8558891AB0C851B6, message "Strong cryptography manes the world a safer place"
  . "fatal flaws in administration's Bill S.909 by McCain R-AZ and Kerrey D-NE
  . 1998 Jul 13 DES-II-2, 56 hours by EFF Deep Crack, $250K of orbit chips
  . 1998 Jan 18 DES-III, 22 hours by Deep Crack + distributed.net