Star Travel and the Interstellar Medium particle effects

The interstellar medium - the coronal gas - forms a column between locations in space. The sun is 4 light years from one edge of a 60 light-year-across cloud with a density of 0.3 hydrogens per cubic centimeter, or 3e5 H/m3, encountering the sun as it moves towards Scorpio at 25 km/s. Around that cloud is the Local Bubble, 300 LY across with a density of 50 H/m3. A light year is 9.5e15 meters, so for the first 4 light years in one direction, and more than 50 LY in the opposite direction, we encounter a column of hydrogen atoms with a density of about 1e21 H/m2-LY. That is the density of a layer of liquid water 30 nm thick per light year. 100 light years, 3 micrometers.

These protons will implant themselves in the surface of any object passing through them. At a mere 25 km/s, the energy per proton is 3.6 electron volts - many will bounce off. Approaching the speed of light, the energy approaches multiples of the mass energy of the proton, 938 MeV/c2. That will damage solid structure to the implant depth.

I don't know how much. A particle physicist can tell you how deep.

speed

C

H energy

Conditions in Local Cloud, 3e5 H/m3

m/s

flux

Pressure

25k

8e-5

4 eV

H/s-m2

Pascals

30k

1e-4

5 eV

100k

3e-4

50 eV

300k

1e-3

500 eV

1M

3e-3

5 keV

3e11

500μ

1.4M

5e-3

10 keV

low energy ion implantation

3M

1e-2

50 keV

1.4m

low energy van Allen belt

4.2M

1.4e-2

100 keV

1.3e12

4m

6000x more flux than 100 keV van Allen belt

10M

3e-2

500 keV

3e12

0.5

high energy ion implantation

14M

4.2e-2

1 MeV

4e12

1.4

2e5 more flux than 10 MeV van Allen belt

30M

0.10

5 MeV

14

7 W/m2 particle power

100M

0.33

50 MeV

500

200M

0.67

380 MeV

6e13

4K

highest energy van Allen belt, 1e12 more flux

250M

0.83

500 MeV

26K

11 KW/m2 particle power

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Local_Interstellar_Clouds_with_motion_arrows.jpg