Neutrino

• The Physics of Neutrinos Barger 2012 ν
• p46 sec 4.2 "... neutrino oscillations are the cause of the deficits of 1/3 to 1/2 in the measured νe flux relative to the SSM (Standard Solar Model)

The Neutrino Hunters

523.0197 Jayaward 2013 Hillsboro PL

• p6 IceCube 86 cables with 60 basketball-sized globes with photomultiplier tubes

  • neutrino -> muon -> light -> path and energy

  • p16 $270M, Francis Halzen U-Wisc
  • p19 Greenland test, Amanda in 1992
  • p21 one hole, 4800 gallons gas, melting 200,000 gallons water. Total 6 austral summers, complete December 2010, 9000 ft MSL
  • p22 2 PeV events
• p9 Hitoshi Murayama, U-Tokyo, UCB: 1 billion neutrinos per atom in universe
• p9 100 trillion solar neutrinos from the "pass through body" every second

  • cross section est 0.1 m² ?

  • http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0210032v1.pdf pg 3 bottom: 1e11/cm²-s, hence 1e14 n/ 0.1 m²-s or 1e15 n/m²-s

    • 26.2 MeV / 2 neutrinos, or 2.1-12 J produced per neutrino emitted, hence 7e14 n/m²-sec per 1366 watts

• p13 Gran Sasso 2011 OPERA flub followed by ICARUS March 16 2012 confirmation of normal light speed
• p17 John Learned U-Hawaii pacific ocean detector, seawater too radioactive
• p27-51 Pauli, beta decay, neutrinos (on the order of 1MeV, not mentioned)
• p52-55 Fermi
• p55-63 Bruno Pontecorvo, defect to Soviet Union
• p64-73 Frederick Reines, Clyde Cowan, reactor neutrino detector 1955

• p75-93 Ray Davis, John Bahcall 380 m³ C Cl₄ Homestake mine 1966, $600K, a few dozen solar neutrinos (argon atoms) per week

• p93-96 Masatoshi Koshiba, Kamiokande 300m³ pure water, 1000 phototubes, 1989

• p97-102 Neutrino oscillations
• p102-109 1989-2002+ Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SNO $70Mcad, $200Mcad heavy water, proved oscillations

• p113 θ₁₃ mixing angle

• p117 SN1987A Sanduleak -69° 202 , Las Campanas 24 inch Ian Shelton Feb23

  • p129 if OPERA superluminal result was true, neutrinos from SN1987A would have reached Earth years before light, not 3 hours
• p133 a few SN per century in the Milky Way, not detected yet (??)

• p134 SNEWS Supernova Early Warning System at Brookhaven: IceCube, Borexino Large Volume Detector at Gran Sasso, Super-Kamiokande

  • sudden cutoff means black hole
• p136 HALO, Helium and Lead Observatory at SNO (electron neutrinos), 80 tons less sensitive
• p137 LBNE, Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment at Homestake South Dakota, 30Ktons of liquid argon
• p139 LIGO, assymetrical supernovae generate some gravwaves
• p141 Betelgeuse 640ly 60M neutrinos, Eta Carinae 7000ly 500K neutrinos
• p155 Ettore Majorana: neutrinos may be antineutrinos (vanished mysteriously in 1938 age 32)
  • neutrinoless doubld decay
• p161 CUORE Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (Gran Sasso), 200 kg of tellurium, 1/3 radioactive
  • ten tons of lead from 2000 yo shipwreck, less radioactive than new
• p163 EXO-200 Enriched Xenon Observatory, 200 kg lf liquid xenon, Carlsbad NM waste repository
• p172 KATRIN Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment
• p180 2005 NEMO Neutrino Mediterranian Observatory off Sicily
• p181 ANTARES undersea neutrino telescope off the French coast
• p181 !KM3NeT multi-cubic-kilometer
• p183 detect plutonium production with neutrinos - reactors shut down once a month
• p186 neutrino communication, fermilab to detector 800 meters away, 0.1 bps

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