Nearest Star

The Surprising Science of our Sun

Second Edition, Leon Golub, Jay M. Pasachoff, Cambridge University Press, Central Library, 523.7 G629n 2014

Needs better proofreading, some things unclear or badly phrased

GONG - Global oscillations network group

• Plate IV: HeII 30.4 nm 1240eV-nm/30.4 = 39.5 eV
• Plate VII: scale?
• Plate VIII: scale, time betweeen images
• Plate IX: Sun is turbulent, wouldn't propagation be dispersive?
• Plate XI: STEREO mission, orbital spacing L4/L5?

• Plate XIII: 15:47 UT -> 236.75 degrees sun angle from Greenwich midnight

  • 56.75 degrees afternoon
  • red arrow approximately 60 degrees from Greenwich so points to sun
  • Aurora log scale from 10 erg2/cm/s at about 10 pm 75N down to 0.3 at noon
  • 10 mW/m2 ... Near north pole, antarctic magpole 70S, aurora peak 50S
• Chapter 1, dumb many-zero numbers
• p016 diagram Dunn Solar Telescope, National Solar Observatory, Sacramento Peak, Sunspot, New Mexico
  • 100 meters vertical, 41 m above, 59 m hole, floats in 9000 kg mercury tank
• p031 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram / Hipparcos 29606 stars / Next ESA GAIA

• p044 George Hale, Zeeman Splitting of Sunspots -> 3000 gauss

• p044 Richard Carrington sunspot activity drifts towards equator. butterfly diagram of occurrence, 11 year average cycle
• p046 Maunder minimum, no sunspots 1645-1715, p047 fewer auroras and weaker corona

• p053 5GY in future, helium burning, core from 15M to 100M degrees, triple alpha He > Be > C, helium flash, a few seconds in some stars

  • p054 then shrink, then a few hundred million years. Pulsations of 1e9 times solar wind, making "planetary nebula" shells
  • KHL? do some of these form cold planet-like globs, pulled loose into interstellar space?
• p057 most light from "2/3" density level

• p059 limb darkening because 2/3 density occurs higher, tangent effect

• p070 photosphere table 3.1 ppm
  • 98000 helium
  • 850 oxygen
  • 400 carbon
  • 120 neon
  • 100 nitrogen
  • 47 iron
  • 38 magnesium
  • 35 Si 16 S 4 Ar 3 Al 2 Ca Na Ni
• p073 Granule 1000 km size, dark lanes 200 km between,
  • 5 million whole surface, fig3.8
• p075 in 1960s, Sun appeared to have 35 km extra equatorial
  • bulge, but brightness misled

• p079 http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/newsblog/123844859.html

  • next sunspot cycle (25) weak or absent, precursors haven't occured
• p079 William Livingston, Matt Penn, lower magnetic field in center of sunspots
  • If falls below 1500 gauss in 2022, no sunspots will form
• p125 differential rotation versus depth graph
  • 0.4R 420nHz,
  • 0.7R splits: 460nHz equator, 430nHz 30°, 380nHz 60°
• p174 1952 NRL Herb Friedman, solar x-rays form E-region
  • German Ludwig Biermann solar wind, 500-1000 km/s, 1-10K particles/inch³ (60-600M/m³)
• p183 sounding rocket data from T+98 to T-257 seconds
• p188 2013 Heliophysics Roadmap sec.gsfc.nasa.gov/sec_roadmap.htm
  • LWS Living With a Star initiative
• p248 SPWC Space Weather Prediction Center Boulder
• p253 North Pole 70N 93W in 1831 85N 106W in 2007